James Gamerson was armourer of the Adventure. He joined the ship on 25 February 1772 as Armourer.

Francis Gathman was baptised on 09 December 1744 in Salem, Massachusetts, the son of Samuel and Mary Gahtman. The family, originally from Germany (they had changed their name from Gahtman) and operated trading vessels on the American coast.

Gathman served with James Cook on the Grenville in Newfoundland. He had crossed the Atlantic with Cook on the Lark and appeared on the Grenville on 26 June 1764. He was discharged on 28 March 1765 and re-engaged the next day as a midshipman at Deptford.

Gathman was discharged on 17 February 1766 and re-engaged on 18 February, again as a midshipman. After three years with Cook, Gathman joined HMS Scarborough on 23 February 1767. Sadly, later that year Captain Robert Gregory of the Scarborough, sent monthly muster books and pay tickets for several recenyy deceased crew, including Francis Gathman, from Antigua (Adm 106/1152/373 23 October 1767).

John Gathrey joined the Endeavour for Cook's first voyage on 10 June 1768 as boatswain having received his warrant on the 3rd. He died in the Indian Ocean on 04 February 1771.

Gathrey had married Mary Stride on 04 May 1761 at St. Thomas, Portsmouth.

Samuel Gibson sailed on all three of Cook's voyages. He joined the first voyage on the Endeavour on 16 August 1768 as a marine private from 56 Company in the Plymouth Division. He attempted to desert with fellow marine, Clement Webb, on Tahiti on 09 July 1769 but returned on 11 July and was punished on 14 July by being "close confin'd" for a while.

Despite the Tahiti incident, Gibson signed on again for the second voyage on the Resolution. He joined on 09 July 1772 as a marine corporal from 54 Company in the Plymouth Division. Gibson joined the Resolution again for the third voyage, joining on 09 July 1776 and by now promoted to be the sergeant of marines. Gibson was attached to 27 Company in the Plymouth Division and was with Cook when the captain was killed at Hawai'i. Gibson had become something of a favourite of Cook's and valued for his abilty to understand and speak Pacific Island languages.

On the return part of the voyage to Britain, Gibson was taken ill as the ships passed through the East Indies. He never fully recovered. The ships were unable to enter the English Channel and were forced north to Orkney, the Resolution and Discovery spent a month at Orkney and during the stay Gibson married a local woman, Jannet (or Jean) Coupland on 04 September 1780. His wife, Jannet (Gibson refers to her as Jean), was baptised at Walls and Flotta on Orkney on 12 February 1757, the daughter of James and Jannet Co[u]pland. Unfortunately, Gibson had not recovered from his illness and, shortly after the ships left Orkney, he died on 22 September 1780.

He left a will (PROB 11/1070), proven on 16 October 1780, which records his father, also Samuel Gibson, living in Leicester but details of Gibson's birth are not known.

George Gilbert, who sailed on Cook's third voyage, was baptised at Freiston near Boston in September 1759), the son of Joseph and Frances Gilbert. His father had sailed as master of the Resolution during Cook's second voyage (see following entry).

Gilbert began the voyage on the Resolution with Cook as an AB, joining on 09 April 1776 from the Conquistador, on which he had sailed as a midshipman for five months. On 03 April 1778, he became a midshipman and, on 06 September 1779, he transferred as midshipman on board the Discovery. Gilbert kept a journal (Adm 51/4559/213-15; 09 April 1776 to 28 November 1779). There is also a narrative by Gilbert (BL Add. MS 38530), possibly written immediately after his return to Britain. This was originally a quarto, paged 1-325. It passed to his niece Emma Doran and was given to the British Museum by her son, Alban Doran, a surgeon). Gilbert provides a detailed description of Cook's death, which was published in 1982.

After the voyage, from October 1780 to November 1781, Gilbert served for short spells on the Diligente, Britannia, Duke and Victory before he was made a lieutenant in November 1781 and joined the Barfleur as sixth lieutenant. He was fifth lieutenant on HMS Magnificent in the West Indies in 1783. He probably died on 02 April 1786 in the West Indies of smallpox.

Two members of the Gilbert family from Boston in Lincolnshire sailed with James Cook. Joseph sailed as master of the Resolution while his son, George, sailed as a midshipman on the third voyage (see entry above).

Joseph Gilbert was baptised on 01 June 1732 in Kirton (just south of Boston) Lincolnshire, the eighth and youngest child of John and Elizabeth Gilbert. Gilbert married Frances Plant at Freiston (just outside and to the east of Boston), Lincolnshire on 16 November 1758. Together, they had at least three sons and one daughter, while Frances had some children by another man during Gilbert's absences. George Gilbert, born 1759, who sailed on Cook's third voyage was the oldest son.

By the early 1760s, Joseph Gilbert was a master in the Royal Navy and employed in Newfoundland waters at the same time as Cook was Surveyor of that island. Sir Hugh Palliser was Governor of Newfoundland and used HMS Guernsey, of which Gilbert was master, to visit different parts of the island and Labrador. Gilbert worked closely with Palliser and produced surveys, including ones of the Bay of Islands and the east coast of Labrador. Gilbert Inlet and Gilbert River in Labrador are named for Gilbert. Some of Gilbert's charts of Labrador were incorporated in the A collection of charts of the coasts of Newfoundland and Labradore drawn from the original surveys taken by James Cook and Michael Lane, surveyors, Joseph Gilbert, and other officers in the king's service, published by T. Jefferys in 1770.

Gilbert was attached to the Pearl in 1769 and surveyed Plymouth harbour. He then moved to HMS Asia and it was from that ship that he joined the Resolution as master on 07 January 1772. Cook would have been pleased to have Gilbert, knowing Gilbert's abilities from their shared time in Newfoundland. During the voyage, off New Caledonia in 1774, Cook wrote:

During the voyage, Gilbert kept a log (Adm 55/107; 03 January 1772 to 21 March 1775). He also undertook numerous surveys and drew many coastal views and charts. His attractive coastal views done as colour washes show the influence of William Hodges, the artist on board the Resolution. Gilbert was wounded at Erromanga on 04 August 1774, though not seriously. Cook wrote:

The Gilbert Islands at the mouth of Breaksea Sound in New Zealand and the Islas Gilbert off the southwestern coast of Tierra del Fuego were named by Cook for Gilbert. John Elliott, a midshipman on the Resolution, described Gilbert as a "steady good officer" while, on 22 March 1775, in an early report on the voyage, Cook wrote to Philip Stephens, the Admiralty Secretary, that:

Cook also gave Gilbert his watch.

According to Solander, Gilbert became master attendant at Sheerness straight after the voyage. Gilbert next moved briefly to Woolwich before becoming master attendant at Portsmouth Dockyard from 1776 until 1791. The controller of the navy, Sir Henry Martin, praised Gilbert for his "diligence and activity". Gilbert then transferred to become master attendant at Deptford Dockyard from 1791 until 1802. The position of master attendant carried the rank and status of lieutenant.

Gilbert retired to Fareham in Hampshire where he lived with his unmarried daughter, Frances. His youngest son, Joseph, died young and his oldest, George (who joined the navy), appears not to have married. Richard, his middle son, married Catherine Rathbone and they had four children to whom Joseph Gilbert was close, leaving all of them bequests in his will. Joseph Gilbert died in Fareham, Hampshire (northwest of Portsmouth) in 1821, leaving a will (PROB 11/1639).

There is a memorial at St. Botolph's Church, Boston to Joseph Gilbert and other Lincolnshire men who sailed with Cook. A seamount in the southern Pacific (42° 15?S, 164° 00?E) is called the Joseph Gilbert Seamount.

(The Richard Gilbert from Freiston, who sailed with Cook on the third voyage may have been a cousin of the Gilberts as Joseph's own son Richard, born in 1767, would have been too young. A Richard Gilbert was born to Robert and Ann Gilbert in 1745 at Butterwick, the next village to Freiston.)

George Gilpin sailed on the Resolution during Cook's second voyage as assistant to Walliam Wales, the astronomer. He joined on 29 May 1772 as astronomer's servant. John Elliott described Gilpin as "a quiet yg. Man".

George Gilpin married Lydia Green on 20 May 1781 at St. Bartholomew the Less, London. Lydia was a niece of Charles Green, the astronomer on Cook's first voyage and of Sarah Wales, the wife of William Wales. The Gilpins had children including a daughter, M. A. Gilpin.

Gilpin was elected Clerk and Housekeeper for the Royal Society of London on 03 March 1785 and remained in these positions until his death in 1810.He was also Secretary to the Board of Longitude from 1801 to 1809. He wrote several papers and made studies of magnetic dip and variation.

After he died, his family was left in poor circumstances and members of the Royal Society contributed to a fund for the family. However, his daughter, M. A. Gilpin, petitioned the Board of Longitude in 1827 for payment of remuneration that was still outstanding.

Andrew Gloag sailed to the Pacific on the Dolphin under captain Samuel Wallis and his second lieutenant, Tobias Furneaux. He joined on 30 June 1766 as an AB. He was reunited with Furneaux on the Adventure for Cook's second voyage. He joined the ship on 18 December 1771, having received his warrant on the 13th to be gunner of the Raleigh (later renamed Adventure).

Gloag was born in Midlothian about 1743.

John Goodjohn sailed on the Endeavour during the first voyage. He joined on 21 July 1768 as an AB. He later described himself as one of the ship's coopers. Goodjohn petitioned Joseph Banks on 07 December 1791 (Mitchell Library Banks Papers II f.26):

Banks annotated the letter with "gave him a guinea". Banks, in 1798, wrote that Goodjohn was employed at "Goodwin's brew house" (Mitchell Library Banks Papers IX f.23).

John Gore, who sailed on two voyages to the Pacific with James Cook, was born in Middlesex County, Virginia in 1730, the son of John and Mary (née Maderas) Gore. He was baptised at Christchurch on 14 March 1730. Middlesex County occupies half of a peninsula, south of the Rappahannock River, and extends into the west side of Chesapeake Bay, 75 kilometres north of Norfolk.

John Gore probably went to sea on local shipping around Chesapeake Bay but by 25 August 1755, he had joined the Royal Navy and was listed as midshipman on the Windsor. The Windsor was operating off the French coast at the same time as James Cook was serving there in the Eagle and Cruizer. Gore remained on the Windsor for several years until 31 January 1760 when he was discharged to sick quarters in Plymouth.

He passed his lieutenant's examination on 13 August that year, but he did not receive a commission until 1768. He spent some time on the Bellona, where he possibly first encountered Charles Clerke with whom a close friendship developed. Gore next moved to become master's mate of the Aeolus from December 1762 until November 1763. On 23 May 1764, Gore joined the Dolphin as a midshipman under John Byron. Two days later, Gore was made a master's mate and on 21 June 1764 set off on his first Pacific voyage. His friend, Charles Clerke, was also on board.

The Dolphin returned to Britain in May 1766 and Gore signed up for another expedition that had been arranged for the ship. Samuel Wallis was appointed to command another expedition to the Pacific and the Dolphin had gone into Deptford dock for a thorough overhaul. Gore joined the ship on 01 July, once again as master's mate. The Dolphin, together with the Swallow and Prince Frederick storeship left Plymouth on 21 August 1766. Captain Wallis and his first lieutenant, William Clarke, were both ill for long passages of the voyage forcing second lieutenant, Tobias Furneaux, and master, George Robertson, to assume command. Gore also found himself with greater responsiblities.

Wallis brought the Dolphin back to Britain in May 1768 and once again Gore signed up for another voyage about to depart. This was to be Cook's first voyage in the Endeavour and Gore joined as third lieutenant on 21 July 1768, together with Nathaniel Morey, who sailed as his servant. He resumed his friendship with Charles Clerke, who was already on board as a master's mate.

It would be Gore's third trip to the Pacific. After Hicks' death on 26 May 1771, Gore became second lieutenant. He kept a journal (Adm 51/4548/145/6 Journal 03 July 1768 to 07 December 1769), which he signed as "The Master Hunter". Presumably, a second volume went missing. Gore became friends with Joseph Banks, assisting the naturalists by shooting specimens such as a kangaroo for their collections. The Endeavour returned to Britain in July 1771 and Gore was ready for a rest, having been at sea virtually since June 1764.

Having no family of his own in Britain, Gore accepted an invitation to visit Clerke at his home at Wethersfield in Essex. The two men stood witness at a wedding there in October 1771. It may be that Gore met his future partner in the district at this time as, several years later, he was entrusting his son to the Rector of Bocking, just a few miles from Wethersfield.

Joseph Banks, after making a fool of himself over his required modifications to the Resolution that was to take him and Cook to the Pacific, backed off. However, he had organised a party to travel with him and decided, instead, to take them to Iceland. In July 1772, Banks sailed in the brig Sir Lawrence. Also on board was John Gore travelling as a guest. He had been "resting" for a year and, with Britain at peace, positions at sea would have been difficult to obtain. He was obviously ready to be back at sea and had accepted Banks's invitation. By October they were back at Orkney.

Cook's second voyage ended in 1775 and by the end of the year Cook had been persuaded to undertake a third voyage. Charles Clerke was appointed to command the companion vessel and Gore was appointed as Cook's first lieutenant. It has been suggested elsewhere that Gore refused to sail with Cook on the second voyage because of differences of opinion on the Endeavour. If that had been the case, I doubt Gore would have volunteered for the third voyage and I am more inclined to believe that Gore simply needed a rest in 1771.

By the time Gore set off on the Resolution, he had a son, also called John Gore. Gore needed to assure himself that the son would be looked after during his absence and accordingly wrote to Joseph Banks, on 12 July 1776:

John Gore joined the Resolution on 10 February 1776 as first lieutenant. He remained in this capacity until Cook's death on 14 February 1779. Clerke assumed overall command and transferred from the Discovery while Gore moved across to the Discovery as its new commander. When Clerke then died on 23 August 1779, Gore rejoined the Resolution as overall leader of the expedition. As such, he brought the two ships back to Britain.

When the ships were unable to enter the English Channel, Gore took them north to Orkney where they stayed a month, much to the annoyance of most of the crews. James Trevenen wrote to his mother after being stuck at Orkney for three weeks and his opinion of Gore was not good:

Gore kept a log (Adm 55/120 log 12 July 1776 to 21 May 1780; Adm 51/4532/49 Captn Gore's Logg Book for the Discovery from 21 July 1779 to the 23 Augt 1779 And for the Resolution from the 24 Augt 1779 to the 22 March 1780. In his log, Gore independently named features. Around Cook Inlet, he named a headland after a woman friend, possibly his wife, for example on 30 May l778:

Gore's son, John Gore, would later become a lieutenant in the Royal Navy in 1795 and his certificate includes confirmation of his date of birth:

Nancy is a familiar name variant of Ann, suggesting he was referring to his wife in Alaska. No record has been located of his marriage, which presumably took place about 1773 and possibly in the Wethersfield - Bocking district. Hugh Carrington, in his introduction to the Hakluyt Society's edition of Robertson's Discovery of Tahiti, states that Gore married after the Endeavour voyage.

Gore was promoted to captain on 03 October 1780 and posted to Cook's old position at Greenwich Hospital. He died there on 10 September 1790 according to The Annual Register for 1790 (p. 219), which recorded:

An important aspect of Gore's participation in the third voyage was the presence also of Nathaniel Portlock, a fellow Virginian, about twenty years younger than Gore. Gore may have known the Portlock family when he was growing up on Chesapeake Bay and it appears that he took a close interest in the younger man and they became very close friends. On the return journey at Cape Town, Gore needed to send someone on ahead to London with copies of logs and journals by a faster ship and it was Portlock whom Gore selected.

In 1781, Portlock married Elizabeth Gilmour at Portsmouth. Her uncle, Nathaniel Gilmour, was a partner in the King George's Sound Company, set up in May 1785 to exploit the sea otter pelt trade, the possibilities of which had been identified during Cook's third voyage. Portlock was selected to captain one of the company's ships, the King George, on an expedition to the Northwest Coast of North America, no doubt through his wife's uncle's influence.

As well as carrying its regular crew, the King George was required to take several young boys so they could gain experience. Among the young boys were:

This John Gore was John Gore's son, baptised on 31 March 1774 and therefore only 11 years old when the ship left Britain. The other young boy, David Gilmour, the adopted son of Nathaniel Gilmour, became a lifelong friend. Portlock's named two headlands in southern Alaska after the boys; Gore Point, at the southern tip of the Kenai Peninsula (59°12'N 150°58'W); and Gilmour Point at the northwestern end of Montague Island (60°15'N 147°13'W).

David Gilmour and John Gore were obviously not deterred by their first naval experiences as they were two of the midshipmen who sailed with Edward Riou on the Guardian in 1789. Edward Riou was another protégé of James Cook, having sailed on the third voyage. The Guardian sailed from Spithead on 08 September 1789 and, on 24 December, southeast of Cape Town, the ship struck a massive iceberg. Riou managed to nurse the Guardian back to the Cape with John Gore and David Gilmour remaining on the vessel to help him.

Gore and Gilmour returned to Britain and were in time to accompany Nathaniel Portlock, who was in command in 1791 of the Assistant, the companion vessel to William Bligh's Providence on the second breadfruit voyage. The Assistant returned to Britain in August 1793. In 1816, Nathaniel Portlock would eventually follow James Cook and John Gore as one of the Captains of Greenwich Hospital. However, Portlock died soon after in 1817.

The younger John Gore married David Gilmour's sister, Sarah, at Alverstoke near Portsmouth on 15 May 1806. At this time, John was first lieutenant on HMS Fame but he was promoted to commander on 23 June 1808. He made a post captain on 19 July 1821. The Gores emigrated to New South Wales in 1834 on board City of Edinburgh with their daughters Ann, Eliza and Charlotte and their son, Edward. John Gore was, by then, a captain on half pay and was listed as a retired captain on 01 October 1846. The Gore's first son, another John, born in 1807, had followed his father and grandfather into the navy and had made lieutenant but he died at sea. Another son, Graham, also joined the navy in 1820, becoming a lieutenant in 1837. He took part in two expeditions to the Arctic and was senior lieutenant on the Erebus in 1845 as part of Franklin's ill-fated attempt to find the North West Passage.

The Gore family, meanwhile, received land at Lake Bathurst, near Goulburn in southern New South Wales and they settled there naming the property 'Gilmour'. John Gore was promoted to rear admiral on the retired list on 08 March 1852 but he died shortly after in 1853.

Robert Goulding sailed on Cook's second and third voyages to the Pacific. He joined the Scorpion as an AB on 09 September 1771 before transferring to the Resolution on 17 December 1771 as carpenter's crew. For the third voyage Goulding joined the Discovery on 17 February 1776 as cook.

Goulding was born in Birmingham about 1748.

Temporary entry May 2007

James Gray may have sailed to the Pacific with John Byron in 1764 on the Dolphin. He joined the Endeavour for Cook's first voyage on 11 June 1768 as an AB. He became a quartermaster on 05 February 1771. After the voyage, Gray moved to the Cruizer as boatswain. On 02 December 1771, Cook wrote to the Admiralty Secretary:

Some days later on 11 December, the Admiralty minutes recorded:
Jas. Gray of Cruzer to be boatswain of Drake.

Gray did not join the Drake / Resolution for the second voyage, until 03 January 1772 and as boatswain. Gray later became boatswain of the Essex on 13 September 1775.

Gray was born in Leith in 1744.

Charles Green sailed on the first voyage on the Endeavour as astronomer. Green was baptised in Wentworth, Yorkshire (northwest of Rotherham) on 26 December 1734. He was the youngest son of Joshua Green, a Swinton farmer, and received an education mostly from his older brother, John. John Green became a master at a school in Denmark Street in Soho, London, and Charles went south to join him as an assistant teacher. In 1760, Charles became an assistant to James Bradley, the Astronomer Royal at Greenwich. He helped Bradley observe the Transit of Venus at Greenwich in 1761.

When Nathaniel Bliss replaced Bradley in 1762, Green remained as assistant. He travelled to Barbados in 1763-4 with the astronomer, Nevil Maskelyne, to test John Harrison's chronometer. Green returned to Greenwich ahead of Maskelyne and, on the death of Bliss, took interim charge of the Royal Observatory until March 1765.

Maskelyne was appointed Astronomer Royal with Green, once again, assistant. The men had a strong disagreement and Green joined the navy, becoming the purser on HMS Aurora. According to his brother-in-;aw, William Wales, Green helped William Falconer in the early stages of his nautical dictionary but stopped when selected to join Cook. Falconer replaced Green on the Aurora and died when that ship sank in the Indian Ocean in 1770.

Green and Maskelyne were reconciled sufficiently for Maskelyne to recommend Green for the Endeavour voyage, which Green joined in early 1768. He was appointed by the Royal Society as astronomer, and was responsible for organising the viewing of the Transit of Venus, the primary reason for Endeavour's voyage. The Royal Society agreed to pay Green 100 guineas a year and a victualling allowance of 120 guineas.

Before sailing, Charles Green married Elizabeth Long at St. Botolph without Aldgate on 08 March 1768. While Green was away on the Endeavour a daughter, Mary Elizabeth, was born in April 1769. Sadly, Mary Elizabeth died in May 1774.

Green helped train many of the Endeavour crew in astronomical observation. He wrote at Rio: "I thought it a little odd when I found that no person in the ship could either make an observation of the Moon or Calculate one when made". The observation of the Transit at Tahiti in June 1769 proved relatively successful. Unfortunately, Green died from dysentery in the Indian Ocean on 29 January 1771. Cook wrote after Green's death:

Green had not managed to put his astronomical papers in order before his death and Nevil Maskelyne was very critical of him for this but Cook defended Green. William Wales worked on the astronomical results of the voyage.

There is an entry in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography for Charles Green.

William Griffin joined the Resolution for Cook's third voyage on 10 February 1776 as an AB. He acted as Cooper and Ship's corporal from 12 March 1776. Griffin was called William Griffiths on the muster roll.

He was reprimanded over an incident with sugar cane beer off Hawai'i in December 1778. Midshipman John Watts wrote on 12 December 1778:

A T. Griffiths, (not on muster roll) was listed as being punished on 19 June 1777 for neglect of duty. This may have been clerical error and was actually Griffin.

During the voyage, Griffin kept a short narrative. He was listed as being born in London about 1755. Beaglehole records that Griffin lived in London after the voyage and then went to live in Watford before 1814. He became religious and acted as overseer at St. Mary's Church in Watford. Griffin died in 1839 in Watford.

Various belongings and curios, including his journal passed down through his sons Alexander and Thomas before being purchased by the Dixson Library, part of the State Library of New South Wales. They include:

Dixson Library MS A short narrative of a Voyage undertaken in His Majestys Ship Resolution Captn James Cook with the Discovery Captn Clerk. The work was written, or at least copied, after 1813 as the paper carries a watermark dated that year. Beaglehole records that Griffin's spelling is unique. He quotes Griffin on several occasions.
There is also a licence for Griffin to pursue his trade (presumably as cooper) with a certificate from James King. It is signed by John Wilkes, Chamberlain and dated 23 November 1780.
Also an account book for the parish of Watford, 1814-1815.

William Griffin married an Elizabeth Edge on 01 July 1781. They had four daughters and three sons, all baptised at St Sepulchre, London.

Thanks to Dave Tate for help in compiling this entry.

James Griffiths served with Cook on the Grenville in Newfoundland waters as an AB in 1764, 1765 and 1766. He was discharged into sick quarters on 16 March 1767 so did not sail to Newfoundland that year. He joined the Endeavour as Clerk on 27 May 1768 but was discharged as unsuitable on 29 June 1768 before the Endeavour sailed.

Griffiths was born in Carmarthen about 1730.

Richard Grindall, who sailed on Cook's second voyage was baptised on 28 April 1751 at St. Sepulchre, London, the second of six sons of Rivers and Martha Grindall.

Grindall joined the Resolution on 07 January 1772 as an AB. He messed with the midshipmen during the voyage and John Elliott described him as "a Steady Clever young man".

Immediately, at the end of the voyage, Grindall accompanied Cook from Portsmouth to London. According to Elliott:

Richard Grindall married Katharine Greene Marianne Nathanael Festing but whether it happened before he sailed with Cook remains a mystery. Katherine was baptised in 1759 and so was only thirteen at the time of the voyage unless she was baptised some considerable time after she was born. There is a marriage record for a Richard Grindall and a Latitia London for 27 March 1772 at Old Church, St. Pancras in London. The name Latitia London sounds fabricated suggesting someone marrying without permission and pretending to be someone else. Interestingly, the Grindalls would call one of their daughters Catherine Latitiah Grindall. No marriage record for Richard Grindall and Katherine Festing has been traced.

After the voyage, Grindall was promoted to lieutenant on 28 November 1776, commander on 21 December 1781, and captain on 13 March 1783. Grindall was in command of HMS Thalia, 36 guns, from 1793 to 1795. He next took charge for three months in early 1796 of HMS Carnatic, a 3rd rate guardship of 74 guns, at Plymouth. Grindall commanded HMS Ramillies from 1799 until 1800 while the ship was at Plymouth. In 1801, he took command of HMS Formidable, a 2nd rate of 90 guns, in which he sailed in the Channel Fleet and off Ireland until 1802. He was given command of HMS Prince, a 98 gun first rate, in 1803 and was in command at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. Lloyds of London has a presentation Trafalgar £100 sword and scabbard inscribed "from the Patriotic Fund at Lloyd's to Rich.d Grindall Esq.r Cap.tn of HMS Prince, for his meritorious services in contributing to the signal victory obtained over the combined fleets of France and Spain off Cape Trafalgar on 21st October 1805". After the battle, Grindall became a rear admiral in 1805, and a vice admiral in 1810.

Richard and Katherine Grindall had four sons and two daughters but only Rivers Francis Grindall married and had children. Rivers Grindall served in India. He and his wife, Jane, had five children. Another son, Festing Horatio Grindall, was on the Victory as a midshipman at Trafalgar but died in 1812.

Grindall was knighted in 1815 and died at Wickham in Hampshire on 23 May 1820, leaving a will (PROB 11/1631), proven on 14 June 1820. Katherine survived him and died in 1831. Matthew Flinders named features in Northern Territory, Australia after Grindall:

George Vancouver named Grindall Point in Clarence Strait, Alaska after Grindall (subsequently Grindall Passage and Grindall Island were also named after him).

Francis Haite sailed to the Pacific with John Byron on the Dolphin in 1764. He returned to the Pacific on the Endeavour with Cook. He joined on 27 May 1768 as an AB and carpenter's crew. Haite died in the Indian Ocean on 30 January 1771.

Haite was baptised on 26 February 1726 at St. Nicholas, Rochester, son of Edward and Frances Haite. There was an older brother, Philip, born 1724.

During the early 1740s, Captain Joseph Hamar was in command of HMS Flamborough in South Carolina and Georgia waters, helping protect communities there from the Spanish. (The Flamborough was a 6th rate, built at Woolwich in 1707 and rebuilt at Portsmouth in 1727). There are references to Hamar having built a wharf at Port Royal Island, South Carolina. His will refers to a silver cup and cover given to him by the merchants of Carolina, presumably in thanks. He must also have had dealings with the Bahamas as the will refers to assets connected with Providence Island in the Bahamas. There is a Hamar Street in Beaufort, South Carolina, named after Joseph Hamar, who in 1748 was assigned two lots of land on the street.

Joseph Hamar had become a lieutenant on 05 May 1735 and a commander on 10 June 1740. He made captain on 22 October 1741 prior to his service in American waters. It is not known when and where Hamar was born. In 1753, on 05 July, he married Elizabeth Limeburner at St. Dunstan's church in Stepney, London. Elizabeth's father was Captain Thomas Limeburner, who had command of the Seahorse in American waters during the War of Austrian Succession (1739-1748), so was a colleague of Joseph Hamar. The following year a daughter, Margaret Elizabeth was born at Greenwich on 04 June 1754.

In early 1755, Hamar re-commissioned the ship HMS Eagle at Portsmouth. It was then that the paths of Hamar and James Cook crossed. However, it is unlikely that they had much actual contact. Cook, who joined the ship at Spithead in late June of that year as an able seaman, would only have spoken to his captain if and when he was spoken to by Hamar. In early August, Hamar took the Eagle out to patrol off southern Ireland. A gale damaged the ship and Hamar, believing the main mast was broken, took the ship into Plymouth. Inspection proved that the mast was not broken and Hamar left the ship in September, apparently relieved of his duties by an unhappy Admiralty.

Hamar became a Superannuated Rear Admiral in 1758. The Superannuated Flag Officer scheme had been introduced in 1747 as a means of removing incompetent officers. As they would never be given an active command again, they were given the opportunity to retire on the half pay of a rear admiral instead. Hamar was still recorded as such on the Navy List for 1766.

His wife Elizabeth had died and Hamar remarried. His second wife, Ann(e), was the widow of William Berry and she already had a son, also called William. Hamar's will, written in late 1773 in Manchester, refers to his house in Hampstead, North London. His wife Ann(e), daughter Margaret Elizabeth and stepson William are all mentioned in the will. Hamar must already have been ill as he died in early 1774, the will being proved in March of that year.

Hamar's daughter, Margaret Elizabeth, married the Reverend John Arden on 15 May 1775 in Wellesbourne, Warwickshire and died in Yoxall, Staffordshire in May 1842. The Ardens had a son, Francis Edward, who became the vicar of Gresham in Norfolk. Francis Edward Arden married Rachel Pinkard about 1802 and they in turn had a son called Humphrey Hamar in 1815. Humphrey Hamar Arden emigrated to New Zealand with his family in 1853 and settled in Taranaki. He and his two sons, Francis Hamar (1841-1899) and Francis (1851-?) were all painters and examples of their work survive. Among them is a painting by Francis Hamar Arden of the nearby volcanic mountain, Mount Egmont, named in 1770 by their great, great grandfather's colleague on the Eagle, James Cook.

Notes for Hamar's will:

Elizabeth Limeburner (died 04 September, 1769) was the widow of Captain Thomas Limeburner (1696-1750), a Royal Navy captain. Limeburner had command of the Seahorse in American waters during the War of Austrian Succession (1739-1748) so was a colleague of Joseph Hamar. Their daughter, Elizabeth, married Hamar at St. Dunstan's in East London on 05 July 1753. The Limeburners are buried at Lee in Kent.
Samuel Gambier was a member of a family of Huguenot descent who were prominent in naval affairs in the second half of the eighteenth century. Samuel was the Admiralty Court Judge in the Bahamas. He died in 1789. A nephew, James Gambier, was in the Royal Navy and captained the Flamborough in American waters after Hamar.
Thomas Rumsey was also a resident of Hampstead so was probably a neighbour and friend. He died in 1798.
Thomas Butterworth Bayley (1744-1802) lived at Hope Hall in Salford, just west of Manchester. He was a lawyer who fought for penal reform. He has a biography in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.

Thomas Hardman served with James Cook on the Grenville (in 1767), the Endeavour and the Scorpion. From muster records, Hardman was born in London about 1735.

Hardman joined the Grenville for the 1767 season surveying the west coast of Newfoundland. He was then one of the samll group who went with Cook to the Endeavour, joining that ship on 27 May 1768 as boatswain's mate. He was rated AB from 25 March 1769 and became the sailmaker on 01 February 1771 after the death of John Ravenhill.

Hardman joined the Scorpion on 09 September 1771 as Yeoman of the sheets but did not transfer with Cook and others to the Resolution in December of that year. In his will (PROB 11/1142), written on 01 June 1773, Hardman was serving on board the sloop, Cruizer. James Stephen, purser of the Cruizer was the sole beneficiary of the will proven thirteen years later on 07 May 1786. No family were mentioned in the will.

William Harvey, who sailed on all three of Cook's voyages, was born in London about 1742. Harvey joined the Endeavour on 03 June 1768 with Zachary Hicks, the second lieutenant, as his servant. On 07 April 1769, he became an AB and remained one until 07 February 1771 when he became a midshipman. After the Endeavour voyage, Harvey joined the Scorpion on 16 September 1771 as a midshipman.

Together with about 30 other men, Harvey was discharged on 16 December 1771 and rejoined Cook on 17 December 1771 for the second voyage on the Resolution as a midshipman. He kept a journal (ADM 51/4553/184-7; 17 December 1771 to 07 March 1775). Harvey must have acquired astronomical skills as he was one of the observers of a lunar eclipse on 12 October 1772 while the Resolution was in the South Atlantic approaching Cape Town. John Elliott, one of his colleagues, described him as "a steady officer".

(A different William Harvey joined the Resolution for the second voyage on 10 December 1771 as an AB but confusion was avoided when that man ran on 19 January 1772).

Harvey joined the Resolution for the third voyage on 10 February 1776 as an AB. However, he was rated master's mate on 12 March before the voyage departed. On the 30 October 1777 at Huahine, a local who had been in custody escaped while William Harvey had been on watch. Harvey was disrated to midshipman and transferred across to the Discovery. After Cook's death in February 1779, Harvey was promoted to be third lieutenant and followed Captain Clerke over to the Resolution. Clerke wrote: "I have often heard Capt. Cook in private conversation declare his intentions of making Mr Harvey a Lieut.".

Harvey kept a log during the third voyage (Adm 55/110; 10 February 1776 to 09 June 1777. Adm 55/121; 10 June to 28 November 1779).

William Harvey was confirmed as lieutenant on 15 December 1779. In October 1789, Harvey was appointed to the Gorgon, a 44-gun 5th rate of 911 tons, converted to a storeship, preparing to go to New South Wales with provisions. Harvey was promoted to commander on 21 October 1790. There are three letters from Harvey to Joseph Banks in connection with his appointment and plans for the voyage.

However, shortly before the Gorgon sailed in March 1791, Harvey was replaced by Captain John Parker. In 1801, he was listed in command of HMS Amphitrite a guard ship off The Needles by the Isle of Wight.

William Harvey married Martha Plumer (born about 1763) on 27 July 1790 at St. Mary's. Portsea. Martha was originally from Much Hadham in Hertfordshire (near Bishop's Stortford) and the Harveys bought Halfway House near the village in 1797, moving there to live. They appear to have had no children. William Harvey died on 12 July 1807 aged 65, leaving a will, proven on 19 December 1807 (PROB 11/1471) and was buried at St. Cecilia's Church in Little Hadham A memorial records his burial there.

Martha Harvey died on 20 May 1836 aged 73 years. She left a will, proven on 02 July 1836 (PROB 11/1864).

John Hatley was born in Ipswich about 1760. The Hatleys were successful London merchants, originally from Hunton, near Maidstone in Kent, who had developed connections with other families in East Anglia. A Henry Hatley married Hester Whitaker on 05 August 1764 at St. Antholin, Budge Row, London and they had several children including George and John. George Hatley followed his father into the family business as a merchant. He developed considerable interests in Virginia, especially in the tobacco trade. George married a Mary Flowerdew (née Scott), a widow with a son already, Thomas Flowerdew, to her first husband, John Flowerdew. Thomas Flowerdew would become a partner in the business. George and Mary Hatley had no children.

Meanwhile, John Hatley also became a merchant and haberdasher. He married Isabella Reynolds on 10 November 1696 at St. Augustine, Watling Street, London (strangely the record has William Hattley as the groom). Isabella Reynolds was the daughter of Robert and Kesia (née Tyrrell) Reynolds from the Suffolk area. Isabella's brother, James Reynolds, would become a High Court Judge in Ireland. This John Hatley owned Kirby Hall in Essex. He and Isabella Hatley had several children though only James and Susannah appear to have reached adulthood.

Susannah, born 30 April 1711, married Sheppard Frere in 1739, the Freres being another East Anglian family. Cook's John Hatley would remain very close to the Frere family and many of them featured in his will. John Hatley, himself, was the son of James Hatley, Susanna's younger brother, born in February 1718. James Hatley, married Mary Cornwallis on 22 September 1747 at St. Martin Outwich in London. Mary Cornwallis (born 1723) was most probably the youngest daughter of Charles and Charlotte (née Butler) Cornwallis of Eye, near Ipswich, in Suffolk. One of her brothers, Frederick Cornwallis, was Archbishop of Canterbury from 1768 until 1783. James and Mary Hatley lived in Suffolk and they had at least four children, Isabella, Judith, James and John. Isabella Hatley died in 1784, unmarried; James Hatley went to India; Judith Hatley married twice; and John Hatley was the man who sailed with Cook.

In a letter from Susanna Turner in Britain to John Hatley Norton in America (she was a daughter of Jane Norton, formerly Jane Hatley, sister of the first John Hatley while he was her nephew) in October 1783:

John Hatley sailed on Cook's third voyage. He joined the Resolution on 17 April 1776 as an AB from the yacht William and Mary. From 01 September 1777, he spent the remainder of the voyage as a midshipman.

After the voyage with Cook, Hatley was promoted to lieutenant on 04 September 1782 and served on HMS Active and HMS St. George. He was promoted to commander on 03 August 1797 and had charge of HMS Winchelsea from February 1800 while it was being fitted out at Portsmouth. Hatley was made captain on 29 April 1802 and left the Winchelsea in the July. He was briefly in command of the Leda in early 1805.

Hatley was in command of HMS Boadicea, 38 guns, when it sailed to the Indian Ocean in June 1808 and took part in the attacks on Reunion and Mauritius. He transferred to HMS Raisonable, a 3rd rate of 64 guns, in March 1810 and returned with the ship to Britain. His last command was the Seine from February 1811 until January 1812.

Hatley's sister, Judith Hatley, married Robert Wollaston in 1770 but he died in 1774. Judith Wollaston then remarried in 1778, this time to Sir Christian Robert Laurie. Laurie, who was Knight Marshall of Scotland and MP for Dumfries, was divorced and had two children from his first marriage. His daughter, Anne Wortley Montague Laurie married John Minet Fector and the couple lived in Dover. Robert Laurie died in 1804 and Judith Laurie was living with her stepdaughter's family in Dover when she died in 1824.

John Hatley had a house in Upper Seymour Street in London but he moved to live in Dover, presumably with the Fectors, shortly before he died. He died on 12 December 1832, leaving a will proven on 14 January 1833 (PROB 11/1810). He does not appear to have married and he remained very close to his cousins, the Frere family.

Thanks to George H. Yetter of the John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library, Williamsburg, Virginia for supplying the Turner-Norton letter.

William Hawkey joined Cook's second voyage on the Adventure on 08 January 1772 as a master's mate. He remained so until 31 December 1773 when became an AB. During the voyage, Hawkey kept a log (Adm 51/4521/11 08 January 1772 to 14 March 1774).

Hawkey became a lieutenant after the voyage on 06 September 1775. He possibly died in 1778. However, a William Hawkey was captain of the Lady Carrington, which sailed to India in 1812. It left Portsmouth on 10 March 1812 and reached Bombay on 11 July. After visiting Madras and Calcutta, Hawkey returned to Britain, reaching the Downs on 07 November 1813.

There are two possible birth records for William Hawkey:
a) baptised on 29 May 1754 at St Mary Whitechapel, Stepney, London, the son of Michael and Phillis Hawkey.
Or
b) baptised on 13 December 1747 at Liskeard, Cornwall, the son of James and Ann Hawkey.

The Cornish connection is more likely, given that several of the Adventure's crew were Cornish or from Devon.

Richard Hergest was born about 1754, the older son of Jeremiah and Margaret Hergest of Whitechapel in East London. Jeremiah Hergest was a linen draper. The Hergest family most probably originated in Herefordshire, very close to the Welsh border where there is still a small village near Kington called Hergest. Jeremiah was probably born at Kington in 1724, the son of Richard and Frances Hergest.

Hergest went to sea on the Augusta. He joined as an ordinary seaman and spent three months before becoming a midshipman, in which capacity he spent another three months. He then transferred to the Marlborough as an AB for seven months.

Hergest joined Cook's second voyage on the Adventure on 16 December 1771 from HMS Marlborough. He sailed as an AB until 02 January 1773, when he became a midshipman. He kept a journal (Adm 51/4522/13 13 July 1772 to 12 July 1774).

On the third voyage, Hergest sailed on Resolution. He joined the ship as an AB on 10 February 1776 and the ship's muster records him as 22 years old from London. He became a midshipman on 12 March 1776 and remained so until 01 November 1776. He then became an AB again until 24 August 1779 when he reverted to being a midshipman.

Hergest was strongly affected by Cook's death and attempted to take some revenge by shooting Koa, the priest, but his pistol misfired. After the voyage, Hergest became a lieutenant in December 1780. He may have married as there is a marriage allegation for a Richard Hergest and Elizabeth Reah dated 01 April 1789.

In 1790, Hergest was given command of the Daedalus, a storeship with instructions to meet George Vancouver's expedition at Nootka Sound. It was not a command Hergest was completely happy about and he would brood through the voyage. The ship belonged to Alexander Davison, a shipping agent and later to be known as Horatio Nelson's agent. The ship was therefore not Royal Navy and Hergest would have problems with the crew and discipline. He was also carrying William Gooch who was to join Vancouver's expedition as its astronomer. The Daedalus sailed into the Pacific via Cape Horn and reached what he thought was an undiscovered group of islands in 1792. Hergest was not to know that Joseph Ingraham, an American, and Etienne Marchand, a Frenchman had both "discovered" the same islands during the previous year. These were the Northern Marquesas, which Vancouver would later name the Hergest Islands in his honour, though the name was not retained.

The Daedalus sailed on to Hawai'i. Hergest and Gooch, apparently in an effort to sort out some problems existing between them went ashore on 12 May 1791 at Waimea on O'ahu, despite advice from some Hawaiians on board not to do so. The pair and a seaman called Manuel were attacked and killed. Their attackers were not ordinary villagers, but warriors called pahupu, each of them having one side of his body tattooed black from head to toe.

Thomas New, the ship's master, sailed immediately for Nootka on the American coast to inform George Vancouver. Vancouver, who had sailed on two of Cook's voyages with Hergest and counted him as a close friend was very affected by the news:

while Joseph Whidbey, master of the Discovery under Vancouver, wrote:

The news of Hergest's death took some time to reach Britain and Jeremiah Hergest, his brother was writing to Joseph Banks in June 1793 still seeking details of what had happened. The letter also carries Banks's draft scrawl which is illegible in part, especially toward the end.

Banks's scribbled reply: